Georgia (country) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to content Search Create account Create account Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more Talk Contributions Getting around Main page Simple start Simple talk New changes Show any page Help Contact us Give to Wikipedia About Wikipedia Tools What links here Related changes [18] Starting with the Persian word gur/gurn, the word was later adopted in numerous other languages, including Slavic and West European languages. The principality of Guria was abolished and incorporated into the Empire in 1829, while Svaneti was gradually annexed in 1858. [266] Other tourist attractions are Cave City, Ananuri Castle/Church, Sighnaghi and Mount Kazbek. Georgia (country) Coordinates: 4200N 4330E Georgia ( Georgian: , romanized: Sakartvelo; IPA: [skrtvl] ( listen)) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. [88], The country's newly pro-Western stance, along with accusations of Georgian involvement in the Second Chechen War,[89] resulted in a severe deterioration of relations with Russia, fuelled also by Russia's open assistance and support to the two secessionist areas. Officially autonomous within Georgia,[215] the de facto independent region of Abkhazia declared independence in 1999. [149], On 1 October 2021, former President Mikheil Saakashvili was arrested on his return from exile. Archaeological research demonstrates that Georgia has been involved in commerce with many lands and empires since ancient times, largely due its location on the Black Sea and later on the historical Silk Road. Or, in front of a mural in Atlanta, or a bowl of shrimp and grits in Savannah. [251] In 2015, the average monthly income of a household was 1,022.3 (about $426). In recent years Georgia has invested large amounts of money in the modernization of its transport networks. Around 23,000 Georgians fled South Ossetia as well. [108] Tskhinvali was seized by the Russian military by 10 August. [314], The education system of Georgia has undergone sweeping, though controversial, modernisation since 2004. Georgia is bordered by Tennessee in the north, South Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Florida in the south, and Alabama in the west. But the recognition proved to be of little value, as the Red Army led by Joseph Stalin invaded Georgia in 1921 and formally annexed it into the Soviet Union in 1922.[73]. Political tensions with Russia have contributed to the 2006 Russian embargo of Georgian wine, Russia claimed Georgia produced counterfeit wine. Its the Georgia you go out and live. Georgian wine has been a contentious issue in recent relationships with Russia. Two major rivers in Georgia are the Rioni and the Mtkvari. [18][19] This term itself might have been established through the ancient Iranian appellation of the near-Caspian region, which was referred to as Gorgan ("land of the wolves").[18][20]. [11] As the Ottomans advanced into the Caucasian territories of the crumbling Russian Empire, Georgia declared independence on 26 May 1918. Access to higher education is given to students who have gained a secondary school certificate. Or, in front of a mural in Atlanta, or a bowl of shrimp and grits in Savannah. [228] A number of large carnivores live in the forests, namely Brown bears, wolves, lynxes and Caucasian Leopards. [67], In May 1801, under the oversight of General Carl Heinrich von Knorring, Imperial Russia transferred power in eastern Georgia to the government headed by General Ivan Petrovich Lazarev. Only those students who have passed the Unified National Examinations may enroll in a state-accredited higher education institution, based on ranking of the scores received at the exams. Its something you find on a waterfall hike near Helen in the Georgia mountains or by relaxing on a beach on St. Simons Island off the Georgia coast. Despite these increasingly difficult relations, in May 2005 Georgia and Russia reached a bilateral agreement[90] by which Russian military bases (dating back to the Soviet era) in Batumi and Akhalkalaki were withdrawn. Economic reforms since independence have led to higher levels of economic freedom, as well as reductions in corruption indicators, poverty, and unemployment. After the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia emerged as an independent republic under German protection. [305][c] 0.7 per cent of those recorded in the 2014 census declared themselves to be adherents of other religions, 1.2 per cent refused or did not state their religion and 0.5 per cent declared no religion at all. [295] On the other hand, at least 160,000 Georgians left Abkhazia after the break-out of hostilities in 1993. Main exports are ores, ferro-alloys, vehicles, wines, mineral waters and fertilizers. A period of unrest ensued, which ended as Abkhazia and eastern Georgian states were unified under a single Georgian monarchy, ruled by King Bagrat III of Georgia (r. 9751014), due largely to the diplomacy and conquests of his energetic foster-father David III of Tao (r. 9661001). There were a number of other styles in the past that are not as widely used today. Since the fall of the USSR in 1991, Georgia embarked on a major structural reform designed to transition to a free market economy. [224] The Greater Caucasus Mountain Range is much higher in elevation than the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, with the highest peaks rising more than 5,000 metres (16,404ft) above sea level. [55] The Mongols were expelled by George V of Georgia (r. 12991302), son of Demetrius II of Georgia (r. 12701289), who was named "Brilliant" for his role in restoring the country's previous strength and Christian culture. Lake Paliastomi area). The United States established diplomatic relations with Georgia in 1992 following Georgias 1991 independence from the Soviet Union. [47] The Golden age of Georgia left a legacy of great cathedrals, romantic poetry and literature, and the epic poem The Knight in the Panther's Skin, the latter which is considered a national epic. The highest mountain in Georgia is Mount Shkhara at 5,068 metres (16,627ft), and the second highest is Mount Janga (DzhangiTau) at 5,059m (16,598ft) above sea level. On 25 February 1921, the Red Army entered Tbilisi and established a government of workers' and peasants' soviets with Filipp Makharadze as acting head of state. [37] In 337 AD King Mirian III declared Christianity as the state religion, giving a great stimulus to the development of literature, arts, and ultimately playing a key role in the formation of the unified Georgian nation,[38][39] The acceptance led to the slow but sure decline of Zoroastrianism,[40] which until the 5th century AD, appeared to have become something like a second established religion in Iberia (eastern Georgia), and was widely practised there.[41]. On 69 March 2006, the IPAP implementation interim assessment team arrived in Tbilisi. 120 parliamentary seats were elected through proportional vote while 30 seats were elected through single mandate majoritarian constituencies. The 1989 census recorded 341,000 ethnic Russians, or 6.3 per cent of the population,[287] 52,000 Ukrainians and 100,000 Greeks in Georgia. [213], Georgia is administratively divided into 9 regions, 1 capital region, and 2 autonomous republics. This period also brought social and economic change to Georgia, with new social classes emerging: the emancipation of the serfs freed many peasants but did little to alleviate their poverty; the growth of capitalism created an urban working class in Georgia. [110], During the conflict, there was a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Georgians in South Ossetia,[111] including destruction of Georgian settlements after the war had ended. Its autonomous status was revoked in 1990. This history which has shaped its cultural, religious, and political evolution translated into Georgians considering themselves a European nation. The penetration of humid air masses from the Black Sea is often blocked by mountain ranges (Likhi and Meskheti) that separate the eastern and western parts of the nation. During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. The colony an now state was named after King George II. Georgia ranked number 58 overall in the 2016 NRI ranking,[257] up from 60 in 2015. History of Modern Georgia, David Marshal Lang, p 18. [333], The Georgian language, and the Classical Georgian literature of the poet Shota Rustaveli, were revived in the 19th century after a long period of turmoil, laying the foundations of the romantics and novelists of the modern era such as Grigol Orbeliani, Nikoloz Baratashvili, Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, and Vazha-Pshavela. Georgia is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina; to the northeast by South Carolina; to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean; to the south by Florida; and to the west by Alabama. [218] This was used as a justification for Russian invasion of Georgia during the 2008 South Ossetia war after which Russia recognized the region's independence. The country plans to host 11 million visitors by 2025 with annual revenues reaching US$6.6 billion. [347], The most popular sports in Georgia are football, basketball, rugby union, wrestling, judo, and weightlifting. It is the chief cultural, educational, industrial and economic center of Georgia. [224] Out of the abovementioned peaks, only Kazbek is of volcanic origin. By the 1980s, an independence movement emerged and grew quickly, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. "[170] He was quoted as saying that if NATO accepts Georgian membership with the article on collective defence covering only Tbilisi-administered territory (i.e., excluding the Georgian territories Abkhazia and South Ossetia, both of which are currently Russian-supported unrecognized breakaway republics), "we will not start a war, but such conduct will undermine our relations with NATO and with countries who are eager to enter the alliance. [169], In September 2019, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said that "NATO approaching our borders is a threat to Russia. [276], Like most native Caucasian peoples, the Georgians do not fit into any of the main ethnic categories of Europe or Asia. South Ossetia is officially known by Georgia as the Tskinvali region, as it views "South Ossetia" as implying political bonds with Russian North Ossetia. Its the Georgia you go out and live. Georgia, Georgian Sakartvelo, country of Transcaucasia located at the eastern end of the Black Sea on the southern flanks of the main crest of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The country is a member of international organizations, such as the Council of Europe, the OSCE, Eurocontrol, the EBRD, the BSEC, the GUAM, the ADB, the WTO, and the Energy Community. [294][c], In the early 1990s, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, violent separatist conflicts broke out in the autonomous region of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region. [178], Georgia's military is organized into land and air forces. It was the last direct election of a Georgian president, as additional constitutional reforms removed the popular vote. [225], The climate of Georgia is extremely diverse, considering the nation's small size. [192], The new Patruli force was first introduced in the summer of 2005 to replace the traffic police, a force which was accused of widespread corruption. [50], The 29-year reign of Tamar, the first female ruler of Georgia, is considered the most successful in Georgian history. [28][29] Archaeological finds and references in ancient sources also reveal elements of early political and state formations characterized by advanced metallurgy and goldsmith techniques that date back to the 7th century BC and beyond. [224] The main roads through the mountain range into Russian territory lead through the Roki Tunnel between Shida Kartli and North Ossetia and the Darial Gorge (in the Georgian region of Khevi). "[196] In 2012, the World Bank called Georgia a "unique success" of the world in fighting corruption, noting "Georgia's experience shows that the vicious cycle of endemic corruption can be broken and, with appropriate and decisive reforms, can be turned into a virtuous cycle. It was an "official" reason, but instability of economic relations with Russia is well known, as they use the economic ties for political purposes. A University of Georgia football player and team staff member were killed in a car crash early Sunday morning after the team's national championship victory celebration. He also conducts the highly philosophical toasts, and makes sure that everyone is enjoying themselves. University of Georgia Athletics has shared links on its social media for people wishing to support the families. Georgian Jews trace the history of their community to the 6th century BC; their numbers have dwindled in the last decades due to high levels of immigration to Israel. Throughout the remainder of the Soviet period, Georgia's economy continued to grow and experience significant improvement, though it increasingly exhibited blatant corruption and alienation of the government from the people. Locate Northern Tool + Equipment retail stores in Georgia with helpful information including store address, open hours, driving directions + more so you can find the portable generators, pressure washers, air compressors and power tools that will help you complete any do-it-yourself project. [281][e] Most of them were deported during World War II.[284]. After his death, local rulers fought for their independence from central Georgian rule, until the total disintegration of the Kingdom in the 15th century. Georgia (country) Coordinates: 4200N 4330E Georgia ( Georgian: , romanized: Sakartvelo; IPA: [skrtvl] ( listen)) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Boeder; et al. The country then became embroiled in a bitter civil war, which lasted until nearly 1994. Other deciduous species include several varieties of maple, aspen, ash, and hazelnut. [citation needed] The media environment of Georgia remains the freest and most diverse in the South Caucasus,[338] despite the long-term politicization and polarisation affecting the sector. Total length of roads in Georgia, excluding the occupied territories, is 21,110 kilometres (13,120mi) and railways 1,576km (979mi). [225] The wettest periods generally occur during spring and autumn, while winter and summer months tend to be the driest. Georgia is also subdivided into 76 municipalities 12 self-governing cities (including the city of Tbilisi) and 64 communities. With the completed transfer of power, Prime Minister Ivanishvili stepped aside and named one of his close business associates as next Prime Minister. Tourist attractions include more than 2,000 mineral springs, over 12,000 historical and cultural monuments, four of which are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Bagrati Cathedral in Kutaisi and Gelati Monastery, historical monuments of Mtskheta, and Upper Svaneti). Georgia has become more integrated into the global trading network: its 2015 imports and exports account for 50% and 21% of GDP respectively. A University of Georgia football player and team staff member were killed in a car crash early Sunday morning after the team's national championship victory celebration. It was not until around 2010 that parts of the system became reliable again. Georgia, Georgian Sakartvelo, country of Transcaucasia located at the eastern end of the Black Sea on the southern flanks of the main crest of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. [44][45] The most prosperous period of the Abkhazian kingdom was between 850 and 950. [315][316] Education in Georgia is mandatory for all children aged 614. The sons and grandsons of Ashot I established three separate branches, frequently struggling with each other and with neighbouring rulers. In addition, 435 were wounded, including 35 amputees. It was settled by people from England. [179] After its independence from the Soviet Union, Georgia began to develop its own military industry. [201] Georgia has ratified the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 2005. In contrast with western Georgia, nearly 85 per cent of the forests of the region are deciduous. In Abkhazia, a minority of the Abkhaz population is also Sunni Muslim, alongside the faithful of the revived Abkhaz pagan faith. [281][d] Georgia was also once home to significant ethnic German communities, numbering 11,394 according to the 1926 census. [18] The name Sakartvelo () consists of two parts. However, subsequent Iranian and Ottoman invasions further weakened local kingdoms and regions. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}4200N 4330E / 42.000N 43.500E / 42.000; 43.500. Visit GTC Register a New Business Starting a new business in Georgia? [citation needed] The general landscape of eastern Georgia comprises numerous valleys and gorges that are separated by mountains. Other architectural features of Georgia include Rustaveli Avenue in Tbilisi and the Old Town District. The head of the Bagrationi dynasty Ashot I of Iberia (r. 813826), who had migrated to the former southwestern territories of Iberia, came to rule over Tao-Klarjeti and restored the Principate of Iberia in 813. [335][336], Georgia is known for its folklore, traditional music, dances, theatre, cinema, and art. Russian rule offered the Georgians security from external threats, but it was also often heavy-handed and insensitive. [203][204][205][206] While human rights activists maintained that the protests were peaceful, the government pointed out that many protesters were masked and armed with heavy sticks and molotov cocktails. Russia withdrew all personnel and equipment from these sites by December 2007[91] while failing to withdraw from the Gudauta base in Abkhazia, which it was required to vacate after the adoption of the Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty during the 1999 Istanbul summit. In 2005, the agreement on the appointment of Partnership for Peace (PfP) liaison officer between Georgia and NATO came into force, whereby a liaison officer for the South Caucasus was assigned to Georgia. Having vanquished both a Donald Trump-backed Republican challenger and Democratic star Stacey Abrams to win reelection, Kemp is looking to expand his influence in his second term, free from the caricature of the gun-toting, pickup-driving, migrant-catching country boy that emerged during his first campaign for governor. Consecutive research estimated the 2002 census to be inflated by 8 to 9 percent,[285] which affected the annually updated population estimates in subsequent years. Georgia puts it all within reach, and there is no one Georgia experience. In Greek mythology, Colchis was the location of the Golden Fleece sought by Jason and the Argonauts in Apollonius Rhodius' epic tale Argonautica. Georgia is the 24th-largest state in area and 8th most populous of the 50 United States. Georgia: in the mountains of poetry 3rd rev. De facto separate since Georgian independence, offers were made to give South Ossetia autonomy again, but in 2006 an unrecognized referendum in the area resulted in a vote for independence. [65][66] The Bagrationi royal family was deported from the kingdom. The Lesser Caucasus Mountains partially protect the region from the influence of dry and hot air masses from the south. Notable painters from the 20th century include Niko Pirosmani, Lado Gudiashvili, Elene Akhvlediani; notable ballet choreographers include George Balanchine, Vakhtang Chabukiani, and Nino Ananiashvili; notable poets include Galaktion Tabidze, Lado Asatiani, and Mukhran Machavariani; and notable theatre and film directors include Robert Sturua, Tengiz Abuladze, Giorgi Danelia, and Otar Ioseliani. The agriculture and industry output diminished. [217] It was called South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast when Georgia was part of Soviet Union. It was settled by people from England. Other examples of Georgian ecclesiastic architecture can be found outside Georgia: Bachkovo Monastery in Bulgaria (built in 1083 by the Georgian military commander Grigorii Bakuriani), Iviron monastery in Greece (built by Georgians in the 10th century), and the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem (built by Georgians in the 9th century). Margvelashvili succeeded president Mikheil Saakashvili, who had served the maximum of two terms since coming to power after the bloodless 2003 "Rose Revolution". [145] This led to a new political crisis that was (temporarily) resolved with an EU brokered agreement,[146] from which the Georgian Dream later withdrew. Georgia's online vehicle registration and titling system. [305][c] The Georgian Orthodox Church is one of the world's most ancient Christian Churches, and claims apostolic foundation by Saint Andrew. The native name is Sakartvelo (; 'land of Kartvelians'), derived from the core central Georgian region of Kartli, recorded from the 9th century, and in extended usage referring to the entire medieval Kingdom of Georgia by the 13th century. Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Contents 1 Places 1.1 Historical states and entities 1.2 Other places 1.2.1 Canada 1.2.2 United Kingdom 1.2.3 United States 2 People 3 Media and entertainment 3.1 Film and television 3.2 Albums ATLANTA (AP) Georgia Gov. George V was the last great king of the unified Georgian state. [b][10] Tbilisi is its capital as well as its largest city, home to roughly a third of the Georgian population. The soil in vineyards is so intensively cultivated that the grapevines grow up the trunks of fruit trees eventually hanging down along the fruit when they ripen. [61] Despite a punitive campaign subsequently launched against Qajar Iran in 1796, this period culminated in the 1801 Russian violation of the Treaty of Georgievsk and annexation of eastern Georgia, followed by the abolition of the royal Bagrationi dynasty, as well as the autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church. [81], On 26 May, Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected as the first President of independent Georgia. Georgia is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina; to the northeast by South Carolina; to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean; to the south by Florida; and to the west by Alabama. [68] The Georgian nobility did not accept the decree until 12 April 1802, when Knorring assembled the nobility at the Sioni Cathedral and forced them to take an oath on the Imperial Crown of Russia. Georgia's online vehicle registration and titling system. [317] The school system is divided into elementary (six years; ages 612), basic (three years; ages 1215), and secondary (three years; ages 1518), or alternatively vocational studies (two years). Philology, typology and language structure. [52] Tamar was given the title "king of kings" (mepe mepeta). Also, the population registration system from birth to death was non-functional. The only remaining large, low-land forests remain in the Alazani Valley of Kakheti. One explanation put forward by UNFPA is that families of emigrants continued to list them in 2002 as residents for fear of losing certain rights or benefits. On 26 May 2012, Saakashvili inaugurated a new Parliament building in the western city of Kutaisi, in an effort to decentralize power and shift some political control closer to Abkhazia. The large majority of the forests that covered the Colchis plain are now virtually non-existent with the exception of the regions that are included in the national parks and reserves (e.g. The United States established diplomatic relations with Georgia in 1992 following Georgias 1991 independence from the Soviet Union. [217], In both Abkhazia and South Ossetia large numbers of people had been given Russian passports, some through a process of forced passportization by Russian authorities. [263] In 2019, the number of international arrivals reached a record high of 9.3 million people[264] with foreign exchange income in the year's first three quarters amounting to over US$3 billion. The opposition made accusations of fraud, which the Georgian Dream denied. Georgia is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The Georgian railways represent an important transport artery for the Caucasus, as they make up the largest proportion of a route linking the Black and Caspian Seas. 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